Vote Outcome and Targeted Recommendation The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices approved an 8‑3 vote to end the universal hepatitis B birth dose, limiting it to newborns whose mothers test positive for hepatitis B or whose maternal status is unknown [1][2]. Infants not meeting these criteria would begin the vaccine series at two months of age, shifting the schedule from immediate post‑birth administration [1][2]. The change moves decision‑making to parents and pediatricians while preserving protection for high‑risk newborns.

Implementation Pending CDC Decision The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s acting director, Jim O’Neill, will determine whether to adopt the committee’s recommendation [1][2]. Historically, CDC follows ACIP guidance, but the agency currently lacks a permanent director, adding uncertainty to the timeline [1][2]. If adopted, the new policy would replace the longstanding universal birth‑dose protocol nationwide.

Medical Community and Insurers’ Stance Major medical societies, several state health departments, and the trade group AHIP announced they will continue recommending and covering the birth dose despite the ACIP vote [1][2]. Critics, including infectious‑disease experts and Senator Bill Cassidy, argue the shift could increase hepatitis B cases and undermine evidence‑based practice [2]. The divergence underscores tension between advisory recommendations and existing public‑health commitments.

Panel Composition and Safety Data Debate All 17 ACIP members were appointed by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., whose prior anti‑vaccine activism has drawn scrutiny over the panel’s credibility [1][2]. Committee members cited limited neonatal safety data and a low overall infection risk as justification for the change, while some members warned that earlier studies on birth‑dose safety were insufficient [1][2]. The composition and rationale of the vote remain focal points of ongoing controversy.